HEALTH CAPITAL AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN MODERN CONDITIONS
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Abstract
Introduction. In modern conditions, the concept of a human capital is a solid basis for the development of programs for the development of the education system, science, healthcare, and the distribution of labor resources. A human capital has become the main factor in the development of the society, the economy and the state as a whole, in the study of which it is important to know the origins and formation of the concept of "human capital".
Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the dynamic development of the concept of “human capital”, a generalization of the considered concepts and designation of the place of health capital in the process of formation and reproduction of a human capital.
Results. In the study of the impact of a human capital on the development of the state, it is necessary to clarify some positions characterizing the most general boundaries of the phenomena under consideration and the peculiarity of the author's approach to their study. This applies to general ideas about the concept of a human capital, the nature of the methodology and methods of its development. The article explores various approaches to the interpretation and development of the concept of "human capital" in the context of the historical chronology of this economic category, gives an overview of the key definitions developed in the framework of various economic schools, directions and works of individual researchers. The authors examined the defenition of the structure of a human capital and determined the distinctive features of health as a capital. It is proposed to use the methodology of analysis of the capital of education for the analysis of health capital: according to the classification by the criterion of a scale, general and specific health are distinguished. Using the classification of a health capital according to the criterion of the source of investments, investors are defined in the total health capital - the state and the individual himself and the specific health capital - the company (since the enterprise is primarily interested in the specific labor abilities of the individual). In order to identify the issues of the formation of an effective system for maintaining the health of citizens of Ukraine, the main socio-economic factors that directly affect the formation and development of a health capital have been considered and analyzed.
Originality. The authors specified the structure of a human capital - the allocation of a health capital, namely general and specific health. This refinement made it possible to determine the value of health not only for an individual, but also for enterprises and the state, which requires the implementation of a new approach to preserving and strengthening the health of the nation.
Сonclusion. A variety of approaches to the study of the category of "human capital" makes it possible to explain the versatility of this concept and define it as the main element in the development of socio-economic relations at the present stage. The question arises about the relevance of teaching the subject “health economics” as a science of the limited resources of people's health and the choice of ways of its effective reproduction. Thanks to the health economy, a person as an economic entity is able to have systematic ideas about various aspects of ensuring a healthy life and the main economic problems associated with health.
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