LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE IN WAR CONDITIONS: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, PERSPECTIVES
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. The war threats had a significant impact on entrepreneurship and the labor market of Ukraine. In the current situation, the preservation of the functionality of the labor market as the main indicator of entrepreneurial activity, a factor in ensuring well-being and reducing migration losses of the population is of particular importance. The basis of management decisions to support the labor market should be an understanding of the main challenges, opportunities and perspectives of its development.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the development of the labor market of Ukraine in the pre-war period and in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War, to identify positive and negative trends and to highlight the possibilities and perspectives of the organization of social and labor relations on the way to post-war recovery.
Results. The main negative and positive trends in the development of the labor market of Ukraine during the years of independence are summarized. New challenges to its development due to the COVID-2019 pandemic are indicated. The main stages of the Russian-Ukrainian War of 2022 are highlighted and the main signs of labor market reactions to security threats are indicated. The main decisions in the implementation of state policy in the field of employment during the war are described. The regional trends of employment and unemployment of the population are analyzed. The challenges and opportunities for the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, as well as the perspectives for its development on the path of post-war recovery, are highlighted.
Originality. The priority of the regional approach to state support of the labor market is substantiated, taking into account the security status of the region. In this regard, it is proposed to divide the regions into regions of active hostilities, liberated regions, regions with increased danger due to the Belarusian border, regions with active missile attacks, relatively safe regions.
An agreed generalization of the challenges, opportunities and perspectives for the development of the labor market of Ukraine is carried out. Conditions of uncertainty and instability can be considered as a period of idleness and can be studied through the lens of opportunities for adaptation and prospective development. The European integration priority of the development of Ukraine allows the introduction of progressive practices of human capital development and the organization of social and labor relations in the mobile space.
Conclusion. Ukraine's labor market is a sensitive indicator of macroeconomic and political stability. Analysis of employment and unemployment indicators of the population by regions of Ukraine indicates that the entire labor market is currently in a chaotic, adaptive and sometimes inert state. The war put the sphere of social and labor relations in shock conditions. At the same time, in the Recovery Plan of Ukraine, the goals of human capital development are placed in leading positions. The human potential of the population of Ukraine remains high and, despite significant migration losses, requires maximum involvement on the way to superiority. Therefore, the realities force the formation of a military economy in Ukraine, which causes the transformation of the professional structure of the population, creates demand for new professions and establishes the high social value of military service. State support of the labor market of Ukraine should be systematic and based on an understanding of challenges, opportunities and perspectives for substantiating the priorities of regulating the sphere of social and labor relations. The further development of the labor market may undergo both a critical decline and stabilization, in which the effectiveness of the use of international aid and the political will of the authorities to implement the expected reforms will play a significant role.
Article Details
The authors published in this journal agree with following conditions:
1. The authors reserve to themselves the right to the authorship of their works and transfer the right of their first publication to the journal on the terms of Creatіve Common Attrіbutіon Lіcense which allows to freely extend to other persons the published work with an obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and its first publication in this journal.
2. The authors have the right to complete independent additional agreements concerning the not exclusive distribution of their work in the form in which it was published in this journal (for example, to place the work in the electronic storehouse of an establishment or to publish as a monograph component), under the condition of the preservation of the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal.
3. The journal’s policy allows and encourage the authors to place their manuscripts into the Internet (for example, in depositories of establishments or on personal web-sites) either before submitting of the manuscript for publication or during its editorial processing as it assists the occurrence of a productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing of the published work.
AGREEMENT
ABOUT TRANSMISSION OF COPYRIGHT
I, the author of the article / We, the authors of the manuscript _______________________________________________________________________
in case of its acceptance for publication, we transfer the following rights to the founders and editorial boards of the scientific publication "BULLETIN OF THE CHERKASY BOHDAN KHMELNYTSKY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. ECONOMIC SCIENCES. SERIES "ECONOMIC SCIENCES":
1. Publication of this article in Ukrainian (English, Russian, Polish) and distribution of its printed version.
2. Dissemination of the electronic version of the article through any electronic means (placing on the official journal web site, in electronic databases, repositories, etc.).
At the same time we reserve the right without consent of the editorial board and the founders:
1. Use the materials of the article in whole or in part for educational purposes.
2. To use the materials of the article in whole or in part for writing your own theses.
3. Use article materials to prepare abstracts, conference reports, and oral presentations.
4. Post electronic copies of the article (including the final electronic version downloaded from the journal's official website) to:
a. personal web-pecypcax of all authors (web sites, web pages, blogs, etc.);
b. web-pecypcax of the institutions where the authors work (including electronic institutional repositories);
with. non-profit, open-source web-pecypcax (such as arXiv.org).
With this agreement, we also certify that the submitted manuscript meets the following criteria:
1. Does not contain calls for violence, incitement of racial or ethnic enmity, which are disturbing, threatening, shameful, libelous, cruel, indecent, vulgar, etc.
2. Does not infringe the copyrights and intellectual property rights of others or organizations; contains all the references to the cited authors and / or publications envisaged by applicable copyright law, as well as the results and facts used in the article by other authors or organizations.
3. It has not been previously published in other publishers and has not been published in other publications.
4. Does not include materials that are not subject to publication in the open press, in accordance with applicable law.
____________________ ___________________
First name, Last name, signature of the author
"___" __________ 20__
References
Balanovska, T. I., Hohulia, O. P., & Drahnieva, N. I. (2012). Labor market: realities and prospects. Scientific works of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 17-23. (in Ukr.).
Pasieka, S., Pasieka, A., Bil, M., & Humeniuk, O. (2019). Global Trends in the Development of Labor Markets and Employment in the Focus of Innovation Change. In The 8th International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling & Management of Emergent Economy (M3E2), 65, 1-7.
Chorna, N., & Chornyi, R. (2020). Labor market of Ukraine: modern challenges. Economic journal of Lesya Ukrainka East European National University, 1, 64-73. (in Ukr.).
Petryshchenko, N. A., Kambur, O. L., & Kulikova, L. V. (2021). Analysis of the modern labor market in Ukraine: regional aspects. Pryazovsky Economic Bulletin, 1(24), 172-176. (in Ukr.).
Zelinska, H. (2020). Innovation of the labor market in the context of social challenges as a component of ensuring the sustainable development of Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas. Series: Economics and Management in the Oil and Gas Industry, 1(21), 49-56. (in Ukr.).
Bil, M, & Bachynska, M. (2021). Cross-border socio-economic polarization as a factor of migration of Ukraine. Economy and society, 23. Retrieved from https://economyandsociety.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/143/137.
Labor market of Ukraine: present and future trends. EVA. European Business Association. Retrieved from https://eba.com.ua/rynok-pratsi-ukrayiny-sogodennya-i-tendentsiyi-majbutnogo/ (in Ukr.).
Dluhopolska, T., & Khita, M. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international labor market. Bulletin of the economy, 1, 54-70. (in Ukr.).
Alieksieiev, V., & Detsyk, O. (2022). Labor market 2022: where you can get a job this year. LB.ua. Retrieved from https://lb.ua/economics/2022/01/27/504018_rinok_pratsi_2022_de_mozhna.html (in Ukr.).
On the introduction of changes to some legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the optimization of labor relations. Law of Ukraine 1.07.2022 №2352-IX. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2352-IX#Text (in Ukr.).
Determining the amount of unemployment benefits. State Employment Center. Retrieved from https://www.dcz.gov.ua/novyna/vyznachennya-rozmiru-dopomogy-po-bezrobittyu. (in Ukr.).
On amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine and other laws of Ukraine regarding the specifics of the tax administration of taxes, fees and a single contribution during the period of martial law, state of emergency. Law of Ukraine 12.05.2022 №2260-IX. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2260-20#Text (in Ukr.).
On the approval of the plan of urgent measures to relocate, in case of need, the production capacities of business entities from the territories where hostilities are being conducted… Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 25.03.2022 №246-р. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/246-2022-%D1%80#Text. (in Ukr.).
Labor relations in wartime – questions/answers. State Labor Service of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://pratsia.in.ua/faq.php. (in Ukr.).
Ukraine recovery plan. Retrieved from https://recovery.gov.ua/ (in Ukr.).
Multi-sectoral statistical information / Regional statistics / Labor market. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://ukrstat.gov.ua/
Temperature map. State Employment Center. Retrieved from https://www.dcz.gov.ua/temperature. (in Ukr.).
Results of consideration of applications for the provision of micro-grants for the creation or development of one's own business. State Employment Center. Retrieved from https://www.dcz.gov.ua/novyna/rezultaty-rozglyadu-zayav-shchodo-nadannya-mikrograntiv-na-stvorennya-abo-rozvytok-vlasnogo. (in Ukr.).