USAGE OF ASYMMETRY INDICATORS IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC STUDIES
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Abstract
Introduction. The process of globalization inherent in the modern world economy is intensifying international economic, technological and socio-political competition. The problem of objective comparison of the state of national economies of different countries is becoming more and more relevant. In developed democratic countries, the results of such comparisons become the basis for correcting the course of economic policy. In countries with authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, a statistically based assessment of the international state of the national economy becomes a strong argument in favor of changing the economic policy.
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to build indicators and models characterizing aggregate expenditures of national economies relative to the corresponding mean and extreme global indicators.
Results. The indicators of symmetry and asymmetry, characterizing aggregate expenditures of the national economy relative to mean and extreme global indicators are proposed. These indicators are generalized for the case of multiple countries. A geometric model of "leakages – injections", which allows to aggregate and compare the normalized values of aggregate expenditures of different countries, is proposed. The problems of linear programming for the construction of world frontiers of mutually extreme flows of leakages and injections are set.
Originality. The indicators of symmetry and asymmetry are presented in the form of a one-parameter nonlinear function, in which the ratio of deviations of the country's national indicator from its extreme world values is its argument. All flows of aggregate expenditures are normalized by dividing by the sum of their leakages (or injections) from the circular flow of income. The geometrical model "leakages – injections" is formed by combining four coordinate systems, rotated relative to each other by 90°. In this model, injections (exports and investments) are displayed on one pair of parallel semi-axes, and leakages (imports and savings) on the other one. The model makes it possible to determine the centers of symmetry of the national and world economy and to analyze their mutual location. A pair of mutually opposite world frontiers is built in each quadrant of the model. The upper right part of the envelope of states of countries in a certain quadrant is the world frontier of mutually maximal flows of aggregate expenditures. The lower left part of this envelope is the world frontier of mutually minimal flows.
Conclusion. Existing approaches to the use of DEA methods should be supplemented in two directions. Firstly, it is advisable to apply the idea of the world frontier not only to compare the technological efficiency of countries, but also to a wider range of issues, in particular, to the analysis of aggregate expenditures of national economies. Secondly, in many cases it is logical to construct a pair of mutually opposite world frontiers. This makes it possible to determine the state of the country relative to the extreme target values of the studied indicators.
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