SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO SPECIFYING THE CONTENTS OF MOTIVATION IN THE RESEARCHES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
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Abstract
Rethinking conceptual approaches to motivation and motivating, identifying the deep, substantive essence of this concept, specifying the main motivational factors that had a significant impact on employee behaviour in the past, will allow forming a qualitatively new focus of the motivational process in working with the personnel of Ukrainian enterprises in accordance with the current problems of the time, taking into account the realities of the functioning of business entities in Ukraine.
The study is aimed at generalizing scientific approaches to specifying the content essence of the concept of motivation in the context of research into personnel management problems. The analysis of motivational theories and existing theoretical and methodological approaches to specifying the essence of motivation demonstrated the superiority of process behavioural theories that combine managerial, economic and psychological aspects of employee motivation. The disadvantages of popular concepts are the widespread use of the concept of motive or motivation factor, which differ significantly for people of different professions, without specifying; as well as ignoring the importance of using diversified approaches to motivating ordinary employees and management personnel. Only a few motivational concepts take into account the theory of generations, and none of the analysed one’s focuses on gender differences in the hierarchies of needs. Insufficient attention is paid to motivation in managerial talents and motivation of the role in forming the employer's brand. The issue of personnel motivation under the influence of the threat of wartime, which is relevant for Ukrainian enterprises, remains unresolved in the theoretical and methodological plane.
Existing theories of motivation are analysed, their common and distinctive features are identified. The author's definition of the concept of motivation is proposed, the feasibility of using different approaches to motivating ordinary employees and managers of enterprises is proven. The composition of the essential understanding of motivation as a phenomenon and as a process that arise in the human resources management system of a business entity is visualized.
The concept of motivation in personnel management is proposed to be defined as the ability of a manager to identify, find and use factors that can satisfy the interests, desires and needs of an employee. Existing theories of motivation are based on the concept of human (employee) needs, which can be satisfied with the help of material or intangible tools available to an enterprise, institution, organization. The variability of types of motivation depending on the object of motivation requires different theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the implementation of the motivation function in the HR management system of organizations. There should be differences in motivating an ordinary employee and managers of different levels. The presence of leadership qualities in a person increases his need for involvement, responsibility, and increases the value of intangible forms of motivation, and the ability to self-motivate allows companies that have human resources with such abilities to avoid additional costs.
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