CRISIS AND REFORMS IN GREAT BRITAIN FOR UNDERSTANDING THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. The state of public health in the United Kingdom is a matter of serious concern. The number of people living with chronic illnesses continues to grow, while the health gap between wealthier and poorer regions is widening. Life expectancy has stalled, and the disparity in healthy life expectancy between social groups is striking. Key risk factors—smoking, poor diet, and alcohol misuse—continue to drive a significant burden of preventable diseases, particularly among vulnerable populations. At the same time, the UK’s healthcare system (NHS) and social care services are struggling to meet growing demand. Waiting lists for planned treatment have reached record highs, and access to emergency and primary care has become increasingly difficult due to years of underfunding, resulting in shortages of beds, equipment, and especially healthcare staff. Workforce shortages, stress, and burnout are widespread.
Purpose. To identify the key challenges facing the UK's healthcare and social care systems and to explore how this analysis can inform healthcare policy in Ukraine through a comparative lens.
Results. Despite declining satisfaction with the NHS, public support for its core principles—free access, universal coverage, and tax-funded financing—remains high. However, ongoing reforms have proven ineffective, and social care remains largely neglected by policymakers. Social and economic factors such as austerity measures, the COVID-19 pandemic, and deteriorating conditions in housing, employment, and income have worsened the crisis. As a result, disability rates have increased and life expectancy has stagnated. Notably, the phenomenon of multimorbidity (the co-existence of multiple chronic diseases) is particularly prevalent among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Recent studies, including The Marmot Review 10 Years On, highlight that life expectancy had already stopped improving before the pandemic, and in some groups, it is decreasing. The gap in healthy life expectancy between rich and poor exceeds 20 years. Analytical institutions like the Nuffield Trust confirm record delays in medical care and persistent underperformance of key service indicators, all while public health and capital investments remain insufficient.
Originality. This article presents the UK’s healthcare crisis as a case study for Ukraine, a country undergoing systemic transition. By comparing both systems, it is possible to identify common structural weaknesses as well as country-specific challenges. The UK experience demonstrates how ineffective policy responses, superficial reforms, and neglect of social care can critically undermine health outcomes. For Ukraine, these lessons offer valuable insight into designing more resilient healthcare policies.
Conclusion. The UK’s health and social care systems are at a critical juncture. The new government will inherit a system under extreme pressure, marked by high demand, workforce shortages, and declining public health indicators. Understanding these challenges not only informs domestic policy reform but also supports comparative research aimed at adapting successful strategies to the Ukrainian context. Drawing from the UK experience, Ukraine can avoid common pitfalls and tailor evidence-based solutions to its national realities.
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