FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MARKETS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE
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Abstract
Introduction. Agriculture is a strategic sector of Ukraine's economy, ensuring food security and foreign exchange earnings. The effective functioning of domestic and foreign markets for agricultural products is critically important for the country's sustainable development. The full-scale invasion has significantly disrupted logistics, reduced sown areas, and changed the structure of exports, but the sector continues to demonstrate resilience and adaptability.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of formation and development of domestic and foreign markets for agricultural products in Ukraine, assess the export potential of grain crops, and develop practical recommendations for their improvement.
Methods. The study uses general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis (to assess market structure), statistical (to analyze export dynamics and the share of exports in production), graphical (to visualize data), and abstract-logical (to formulate conclusions). Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economy, and the USDA were used.
Results. The dynamics of production and export of grain crops in Ukraine for 2019–2024 are analyzed. It is established that the share of exports in total grain production exceeds 65%, indicating a high export orientation of the industry. Key problems are identified: logistical constraints (narrowing of Black Sea corridor capacity, destruction of port infrastructure), insufficient level of raw material processing (predominance of grain exports over flour and compound feed), price volatility, and the impact of martial law. Measures to improve markets are proposed: development of grain exchange infrastructure, stimulation of deep processing (production of bioethanol, starch, amino acids), diversification of logistics routes (increasing the role of Danube ports and land corridors with the EU), introduction of forward and futures contracts, and enhancement of the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products through quality certification.
Conclusions. To stabilize the domestic market, it is necessary to strengthen state regulation of minimum purchase prices and form an intervention fund. For the development of the foreign market, it is necessary to promote product certification according to international standards (GlobalG.A.P., Organic), expand sales markets in Asia and Africa, and reduce the share of raw material exports by stimulating the export of processed products.
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